diff --git a/pkg/alerting/stats.go b/pkg/alerting/stats.go
index 2daa497..642a8b3 100644
--- a/pkg/alerting/stats.go
+++ b/pkg/alerting/stats.go
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ func (as *alerter) tgStatsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 	db := database.FromCtx(ctx)
 
-	tgs, err := db.GetTalkgroupsWithLearnedBySysTGID(ctx, as.scoredTGsTuple())
+	tgt := as.scoredTGsTuple()
+	tgs, err := db.GetTalkgroupsWithLearnedBySysTGID(ctx, tgt)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error().Err(err).Msg("stats TG get failed")
 		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
diff --git a/pkg/calls/call.go b/pkg/calls/call.go
index aaec385..d76b530 100644
--- a/pkg/calls/call.go
+++ b/pkg/calls/call.go
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ func (c *Call) LearnTG(ctx context.Context, db database.Store) (learnedId int, e
 		TGID:     c.Talkgroup,
 		Name:     c.TalkgroupLabel,
 		AlphaTag: c.TGAlphaTag,
+		TGGroup:  c.TalkgroupGroup,
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/database/talkgroups.go b/pkg/database/talkgroups.go
index b233c62..a461dcd 100644
--- a/pkg/database/talkgroups.go
+++ b/pkg/database/talkgroups.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type talkgroupQuerier interface {
 
 type TGTuples [2][]uint32
 
-const TGConstraintName = ""
+const TGConstraintName = "calls_system_talkgroup_fkey"
 
 func IsTGConstraintViolation(e error) bool {
 	var err *pgconn.PgError
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ SELECT
 tgl.id, tgl.system_id::INT4, tgl.tgid::INT4, tgl.name,
 tgl.alpha_tag, tgl.tg_group, NULL::INTEGER, NULL::JSONB,
 CASE WHEN tgl.tg_group IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE ARRAY[tgl.tg_group] END,
-TRUE, NULL::JSONB, 1.0, TRUE learned, sys.id, sys.name
+TRUE, NULL::JSONB, 1.0, sys.id, sys.name, TRUE learned
 FROM talkgroups_learned tgl
 JOIN systems sys ON tgl.system_id = sys.id
 JOIN UNNEST($1::INT4[], $2::INT4[]) AS tgt(sys, tg) ON (tgl.system_id = tgt.sys AND tgl.tgid = tgt.tg);`
diff --git a/pkg/sinks/database.go b/pkg/sinks/database.go
index a9e0cee..9ced102 100644
--- a/pkg/sinks/database.go
+++ b/pkg/sinks/database.go
@@ -27,21 +27,12 @@ func (s *DatabaseSink) Call(ctx context.Context, call *calls.Call) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return s.db.InTx(ctx, func(tx database.Store) error {
-		params := s.toAddCallParams(call)
+	params := s.toAddCallParams(call)
+
+	err := s.db.InTx(ctx, func(tx database.Store) error {
 		err := tx.AddCall(ctx, params)
 		if err != nil {
-			if database.IsTGConstraintViolation(err) {
-				_, err := call.LearnTG(ctx, tx)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("add call: learn tg: %w", err)
-				}
 
-				err = tx.AddCall(ctx, params)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("add call: retry: %w", err)
-				}
-			}
 			return fmt.Errorf("add call: %w", err)
 		}
 
@@ -49,6 +40,24 @@ func (s *DatabaseSink) Call(ctx context.Context, call *calls.Call) error {
 
 		return nil
 	}, pgx.TxOptions{})
+
+	if err != nil && database.IsTGConstraintViolation(err) {
+		return s.db.InTx(ctx, func(tx database.Store) error {
+			_, err := call.LearnTG(ctx, tx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("add call: learn tg: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			err = tx.AddCall(ctx, params)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("add call: retry: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		}, pgx.TxOptions{})
+	}
+
+	return err
 }
 
 func (s *DatabaseSink) SinkType() string {
diff --git a/pkg/talkgroups/cache.go b/pkg/talkgroups/cache.go
index 9d0184b..0d58a16 100644
--- a/pkg/talkgroups/cache.go
+++ b/pkg/talkgroups/cache.go
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ func (t *cache) TG(ctx context.Context, tg ID) (*Talkgroup, error) {
 	case pgx.ErrNoRows:
 		return nil, ErrNotFound
 	default:
-		log.Error().Err(err).Msg("TG() cache add db get")
+		log.Error().Err(err).Uint32("sys", tg.System).Uint32("tg", tg.Talkgroup).Msg("TG() cache add db get")
 		return nil, errors.Join(ErrNotFound, err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/sql/postgres/migrations/001_initial.up.sql b/sql/postgres/migrations/001_initial.up.sql
index ff926bf..40d49ee 100644
--- a/sql/postgres/migrations/001_initial.up.sql
+++ b/sql/postgres/migrations/001_initial.up.sql
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ CREATE INDEX talkgroups_system_tgid_idx ON talkgroups (system_id, tgid);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS talkgroup_id_tags ON talkgroups USING GIN (tags);
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS talkgroups_learned(
-	id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
+	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
 	system_id INTEGER REFERENCES systems(id) NOT NULL,
 	tgid INTEGER NOT NULL,
 	name TEXT NOT NULL,
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS talkgroups_learned(
 );
 
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS alerts(
-	id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
+	id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
 	time TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL, 
 	tgid INTEGER NOT NULL,
 	system_id INTEGER REFERENCES systems(id) NOT NULL,
diff --git a/sql/postgres/migrations/002_tglearned.down.sql b/sql/postgres/migrations/002_tglearned.down.sql
index 846075d..7355bf1 100644
--- a/sql/postgres/migrations/002_tglearned.down.sql
+++ b/sql/postgres/migrations/002_tglearned.down.sql
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-ALTER TABLE calls DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS calls_talkgroup_id_fkey;
-
-ALTER TABLE talkgroups ALTER COLUMN id DROP IDENTITY IF EXISTS;
-ALTER TABLE talkgroups_learned ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE UUID USING (gen_random_uuid());
-DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS talkgroups_id_seq;
+ALTER TABLE calls DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS calls_system_talkgroup_fkey;
 
 ALTER TABLE talkgroups DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS learned;
 
+ALTER TABLE talkgroups ALTER COLUMN id DROP IDENTITY IF EXISTS;
+ALTER TABLE talkgroups ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE UUID USING (gen_random_uuid());
+DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS talkgroups_id_seq;
+
 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION learn_talkgroup()
 RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
 BEGIN
@@ -23,12 +23,3 @@ END
 $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
 
 CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER learn_tg AFTER INSERT ON calls FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION learn_talkgroup();
-
-ALTER TABLE talkgroups_learned ALTER COLUMN id DROP IDENTITY IF EXISTS;
-ALTER TABLE talkgroups_learned ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE UUID USING (gen_random_uuid());
-DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS talkgroups_learned_id_seq;
-
-ALTER TABLE alerts ALTER COLUMN id DROP IDENTITY IF EXISTS;
-ALTER TABLE alerts ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE UUID USING (gen_random_uuid());
-DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS alerts_id_seq;
-
diff --git a/sql/postgres/migrations/002_tglearned.up.sql b/sql/postgres/migrations/002_tglearned.up.sql
index 6fd1f00..21f5cd2 100644
--- a/sql/postgres/migrations/002_tglearned.up.sql
+++ b/sql/postgres/migrations/002_tglearned.up.sql
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
-CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS alerts_id_seq START WITH 1;
-ALTER TABLE alerts ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE INTEGER USING (nextval('alerts_id_seq'));
-ALTER TABLE alerts ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
-DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS alerts_id_seq;
-
-CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS talkgroups_learned_id_seq START WITH 1;
-ALTER TABLE talkgroups_learned ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE INTEGER USING (nextval('talkgroups_learned_id_seq'));
-ALTER TABLE talkgroups_learned ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
-DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS talkgroup_learned_id_seq;
-
 DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS learn_tg ON calls;
 DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS learn_talkgroup();
 
-ALTER TABLE talkgroups ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS learned BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE;
-
 CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS talkgroups_id_seq START WITH 1;
 ALTER TABLE talkgroups ALTER COLUMN id SET DATA TYPE INTEGER USING (nextval('talkgroups_id_seq'));
 ALTER TABLE talkgroups ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY;
 DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS talkgroups_id_seq;
 
-ALTER TABLE calls ADD CONSTRAINT calls_talkgroup_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (system, talkgroup) REFERENCES talkgroups(system_id, tgid);
+ALTER TABLE talkgroups ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS learned BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE;
+
+-- calls fkey constraint requires us to migrate all calls' talkgroup tuples to exist
+INSERT INTO talkgroups (system_id, tgid, learned)
+SELECT DISTINCT system_id, tgid, TRUE FROM talkgroups_learned ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;
+
+INSERT INTO talkgroups (system_id, tgid, learned)
+SELECT DISTINCT system, talkgroup, TRUE FROM calls ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;
+
+INSERT INTO talkgroups_learned (system_id, tgid, name, tg_group, alpha_tag)
+SELECT DISTINCT c.system, c.talkgroup, c.tg_label, c.tg_group, c.tg_alpha_tag
+FROM calls c
+JOIN talkgroups t ON (t.system_id = c.system AND t.tgid = c.talkgroup AND t.learned IS TRUE)
+ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;
+
+ALTER TABLE calls ADD CONSTRAINT calls_system_talkgroup_fkey FOREIGN KEY (system, talkgroup) REFERENCES talkgroups(system_id, tgid);
diff --git a/sql/postgres/migrations/initial.sql b/sql/postgres/migrations/initial.sql
index 1006883..445fa4f 100644
--- a/sql/postgres/migrations/initial.sql
+++ b/sql/postgres/migrations/initial.sql
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS calls(
 	tg_alpha_tag TEXT,
 	tg_group TEXT,
 	source INTEGER NOT NULL,
-	transcript TEXT
+	transcript TEXT,
+	FOREIGN KEY (system, talkgroup) REFERENCES talkgroups(system_id, tgid)
 );
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS calls_transcript_idx ON calls USING GIN (to_tsvector('english', transcript));